The cardinals, who were appointed in April by Pope Francis and will confer with him for the first time at the Vatican on October 1-3, were briefed to revise the constitution, known as Pastor Bonus, drawn up in 1988 by Pope John Paul, in a bid to give a great voice to bishops around the world. But Cardinal Oscar Rodríguez Maradiaga, the group’s leader, said as the meeting loomed they were planning to go much further than just changing “this and that.”

“No, that constitution is over,” he said in a TV interview. “Now it is something different. We need to write something different,” he added.

Cardinals gathering in Rome before Francis was elected in March complained Vatican officials had become a self serving elite indifferent to the needs of dioceses around the world. Cardinal Rodríguez Maradiaga said his group had received suggestions on Vatican reform from around the world, including 80 pages of suggestions from Latin America. The convergence on a few main themes suggested God’s will was at work, he said.

The report is the result of six years’ work by UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which is seen as the world authority on the extent of climate change and what is causing it – on which governments including Britain’s base their green policies. But leaked documents seen by the Associated Press, yesterday revealed deep concerns among politicians about a lack of global warming over the past few years. Germany called for the references to the slowdown in warming to be deleted, saying looking at a time span of just 10 or 15 years was ‘misleading’ and they should focus on decades or centuries. Hungary worried the report would provide ammunition for deniers of man-made climate change.

The United States delegation even weighed in, urging the authors of the report to explain away the lack of warming using the ‘leading hypothesis’ among scientists that the lower warming is down to more heat being absorbed by the ocean – which has got hotter. The last IPCC ‘assessment report’ was published in 2007 and has been the subject of huge controversy after it had to correct the embarrassing claim that the Himalayas would melt by 2035.

The move comes as the US secretary of state, John Kerry, and his Russian counterpart, Sergey Lavrov, examine Moscow's plan to place Syrian chemical weapons under international control. Both Russia and the US have been beefing up their naval presence in the Med over the past several weeks.

The destroyer Smetlivy left a naval base in Sevastopol, Ukraine, on Tuesday on a mission to the Syrian coast, a military source told the state news agency Interfax on Thursday. The source said the Smetlivy would travel to the Mediterranean with the amphibious assault ship Nikolai Filchenkov, which left Novorossiysk on Monday carrying unidentified supplies for the Damascus government.

The missile cruiser Moskva, the flagship of Russia's Black Sea fleet, is also on its way to the Syrian coast to lead the Russian force there. The ship is reportedly known as a "carrier-killer" because it is outfitted with Vulkan missiles, that are designed to destroy large ships.

The BBC's Paul Adams in Geneva says it appears large disagreements still exist between the two governments. Syria's president has agreed to give up his chemical arsenal, but the rebels say it will not stop the killing. Free Syrian Army spokesperson Louay Moqdad told the BBC that the government of President Bashar Assad still had plenty of conventional weapons at his disposal and said he was "just trying to buy time" with the help of the Russians.

Russia announced its proposal for dealing with the escalating chemical weapons crisis on Monday, as the US Congress was preparing to debate whether to back President Barack Obama's moves towards military strikes. The UN has confirmed it has received documents from Syria on joining the Chemical Weapons Convention, a key step in the Russian plan.

It's not that federal government tried to prosecute a bunch of them but lost the cases. There were no serious efforts at criminal prosecutions at all. Which isn't to say nobody is in jail. There have been prosecutions of various mortgage brokers and other small fish who lied or encouraged clients to lie on their applications for a home loan. The crisis exposed some outright fraudsters who are now in the slammer, such as Bernie Madoff and Allen Stanford. And, yes, major banks have been working through billions of dollars in civil settlements for shady behavior in the runup to the crisis.

But it's shocking that for a crisis that drove the global economy off a cliff, caused millions of people to lose their homes and generally spread mass human misery to almost every corner of the earth there is no defining prosecution. No man or woman who led one of the firms directly culpable for the catastrophe has been put in a prison-orange jumpsuit. You might think that by now we could say that orange is the new charcoal pinstripes. But we can't.

No CEOs even came particularly close to facing criminal charges. The closest would probably be Angelo Mozilo, who was chief executive of Countrywide, one of the most aggressive mortgage lenders during the boom years. It was bought up by Bank of America in late 2007 and has caused the bank no end of trouble since.

The Securities and Exchange Commission charged Mozilo with insider trading and securities fraud in 2009 for selling shares of his company while publicly proclaiming it was in fine shape. But those were civil charges, which Mozilo settled with $67.5 million in fines and a lifetime ban from serving as an officer of a public company. A criminal investigation was dropped.

And that’s about it.

He said the Church must ‘reflect the democratic spirit of the times’ and take the opinions of its members into account. He said: 'Celibacy is not an institution but look, it is also true that you can discuss (it) because as you say this is not a dogma, a dogma of the church.'

Archbishop Parolin is considered to be the most powerful official in the Vatican and his comments carry considerable weight. Pope Francis has been making waves in the Church with his forward-thinking approach and has made a series of comments to suggest that he is in favour of shaking up some age-old traditions.

Soon after being becoming Pope he called for a ‘poor Church for the poor’. He also said he wanted to boost the role of women in the Church and proposed a more tolerant stance on homosexuality, stating: ‘Who am I to judge?’ And before he took office he gave an interview in which he said: ‘For the moment, I am in favour of maintaining celibacy; with all its pros and cons... It is a matter of discipline, not of faith. It can change.’

While Fatah head and Palestinian Authority Chairman Mahmoud Abbas negotiates with Israel for the creation of a PA state, the Al Aqsa Brigade has incited all Muslims to take part in the “Day of Rioting” in defending "Palestinian land.”

In response, the Jerusalem police announced on Thursday evening that, following a security assessment, they will be restricting the entry of Muslim worshipers to the Temple Mount for Friday prayers. Among men, only those aged 45 and over with blue ID cards will be allowed to enter the compound.

Thousands of Jewish worshipers are also expected to gather at the Kotel at the start of Yom Kippur, causing security measures to heighten in anticipation of harassment and violence at the hands of groups of Muslims, as was the case during Rosh Hashanah when 15 stone-throwing Islamist rioters were arrested at the Temple Mount. Jerusalem police in large forces will be stationed around the Old City and the Kotel starting on Friday morning to maintain order during Yom Kippur.

Responding to a list of questions published in the paper by Mr Scalfari, who is not a Roman Catholic, Francis wrote: “You ask me if the God of the Christians forgives those who don’t believe and who don’t seek the faith. I start by saying – and this is the fundamental thing – that God’s mercy has no limits if you go to him with a sincere and contrite heart.”

“The issue for those who do not believe in God is to obey their conscience. Sin, even for those who have no faith, exists when people disobey their conscience.”

Robert Mickens, the Vatican correspondent for the Catholic journal The Tablet, said the pontiff’s comments were further evidence of his attempts to shake off the Catholic Church’s fusty image, reinforced by his extremely conservative predecessor Benedict XVI. “Francis is a still a conservative,” said Mr Mickens. “But what this is all about is him seeking to have a more meaningful dialogue with the world.”

Criticising David Cameron’s promise to claw back powers from Brussels, Jose Manuel Barroso suggested that his tough line on Europe was an insincere attempt to counter the rise of the UK Independence Party.

He said: ‘Let me say this to all those who rejoice in Europe’s difficulties and who want to roll back our integration and go back to isolation – the pre-integrated Europe of the divisions, the war, the trenches, is not what people desire and deserve. The European continent has never in its history known such a long period of peace as since the creation of the European Community. It is our duty to preserve it and deepen it.’

Starting today, following a 5-0 vote by the FDIC, depositors in foreign US bank branches will officially no longer have recourse to a $250,000 in deposit insurance. The notional amount of deposits at risk: $1 trillion. This is not a new development: the FDIC rule to curb insurance on this category of deposits was proposed earlier this year, and today was the formalization.

Questions do arise: if a major US depository institution does fail domestically, the financial state of their depositors abroad will hardly be the biggest issue. However, a different question emerges: if the US offshore bank branches will no longer be insured by the US, the logical implication is that deposits of foreign banks in the US are not insured either.

Putin will renew an old offer to supply Iran with five of the sophisticated ground-to-air missile systems at a meeting with Iranian President Hassan Rowhani on Friday, Kommersant said, quoting a souce close to the Kremlin. Putin is set to meet Rowhani at a summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation held in Kyrgyzstan on Friday.

Kommersant wrote that Putin would offer to supply Tehran with a modified export version of the S-300 systems called S-300VM Antey-2500. Russia has urged the West to soften sanctions against Iran after the election of Rowhani, a centrist cleric, in June.

Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov confirmed to Kommersant that Putin and Rowhani were expected to discuss "working together in the nuclear energy sphere" and "questions of military technical cooperation" in talks at the summit in Bishkek.

The Prime Minister insisted he would never discuss giving up the overseas territory with Spain without the consent of people living on The Rock. In a message to celebrate Gibraltar’s National Day, told locals that the UK government will ‘stand with you' despite no progress in ending the long-running border disputes.

Tensions have mounted this summer in a dispute over Spanish fisherman accessing Gibraltar waters, which has seen Madrid impose draconian border checks which have caused huge queues. Gibraltar's chief minister accused Spain’s prime minister of behaving like Argentine dictator General Galtieri. The European Commission is due to send a team to the border to examine the delays this month.

Mr Cameron has threatened to take Spain to the European Court of Justice over its imposition of 'politically-motivated' border checks. In a strident video message shown at a National Day event today, the Prime Minister said: ‘Gibraltar has been British for 300 years. Let's keep it that way.’

“It’s called Comet ISON,” said Jim O’Leary of the Maryland Science Center. “That tail can get tens of millions of miles long, so it’s huge,” O’Leary said. But in its middle, it’s just dirt and ice three miles across. “It could be the comet of the century,” O’ Leary said. “That is what some people are calling it, and we’re not that far into the century you know.”

It’s certain to light up the winter sky. That is, unless it doesn’t. They don’t know if the sun will blast it to shreds. “It’s only passing through one diameter away from the sun, 700,000 miles, through the hot corona. That might be enough to blast it apart,” O’Leary said. In that case, it could turn into smaller comets or disappear completely.

The moment of silence at 8:46 am Wednesday marked when the first plane hit the twin towers on a clear, sunny day in 2001. Then, families of the victims started reading aloud the names of those who died. Along with the names of those who died when the hijacked jets crashed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon were read out the names of those killed in the hijacked Flight 93 and the victims of the 1993 trade center bombing.

In a sadly familiar ceremony, friends and relatives of World Trade Center attack victims gathered at the National September 11 Memorial plaza to call out the names of the dead and read messages to their lost loved ones. A bell tolled to mark the moments when four hijacked jets crashed into the twin towers, the Pentagon and a field in the Pennsylvania countryside, and again to mark the moments when the two skyscrapers collapsed.

Steve Rosenberg BBC News, Moscow writes: On the Syria issue, Russia seems to have kept one step ahead of the US. While President Obama has been accused of U-turns and zig-zags, of drawing red lines and being slow to act on them, President Putin has been as solid and unshakable as the Kremlin walls: consistently opposed to a US strike. The Kremlin's not for turning.

What's more, Russia believes that its message has been getting through and that its tough stance has helped dilute international support for US military action. Last week, the UN, the EU and the Vatican all expressed their support for a political solution.

Even if the Russian initiative eventually unravels amid bickering and paralysis in the Security Council, Moscow can still argue that at least it tried to find a peaceful solution.