The new Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center will open this fall, but due to public perceptions, the water from the plant will be diverted for use in fire hydrants, landscaping and electrical fountains instead of homes. “It takes a long time to educate folks and grasp the concept that this water can be purified to a level that’s cleaner than what we are already drinking,” said Marty Grimes of the Santa Clara Valley Water District. “The reality is that we are able to produce water that is cleaner than all of our other water sources.”

The plant will produce 8 million gallons of water a day, using a three-step process of microfiltration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet light – which zaps away impurities. Fresh water is expensive and in short supply during drought years, so this water may some day be a resource that people want to tap.

The Senate Banking Committee hearing comes as Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and JPMorgan Chase - which generated an estimated $4 billion in commodity revenues last year - face growing pressure from a number of investigations into their operations, and as the Federal Reserve reviews Wall Street's right to operate in raw material markets.

Big aluminum consumers like MillerCoors are set to tell the committee that the banks' control of metal warehousing firms has driven up industry costs by as much as $3 billion. The banks will not speak at the hearing, with their views represented by a lawyer who often works with Wall Street.

The threat to Wall Street's physical commodity trading divisions has escalated abruptly across multiple fronts, putting an uncomfortable spotlight on a lucrative side of their business that has thus far fallen largely outside of regulators' sights.

The 76-year-old Jesuit Pope said the “culture of rejection” also extended to old people and that there was a danger that the elderly were being thrown on the scrap heap of society despite the experience they could offer.

Speaking aboard the plane, the Argentinian Pontiff had a serious message about the impact of the current global economic turmoil. “The global crisis has brought nothing good to young people,” he said. “I saw the data on youth unemployed last week. We run the risk of having a generation without work.”

On the subject of the elderly, he added: “We are used to this culture of rejection with old people, we do it often, despite the life wisdom they give us. They are left on one side as if they have nothing to offer. We need to make an effort to bring everyone into society, this is the sense I want to bring to this trip.”

The Pope’s remarks about youth unemployment will resonate far beyond South America – jobless rates among the young in Greece and Spain are near 60 per cent and are almost as dire in countries like Italy and Portugal.

It was discovered on Sunday by personnel from the Brazilian air force as they carried out security checks of the area ahead of the Pope's visit on Wednesday. The bomb was detonated safely by military police.

The Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida is Brazil's most revered Catholic pilgrimage site. It protects a famous 18th-century clay statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which is regarded by Brazilians as the country's main patroness. Pope Francis is in Brazil to attend World Youth Day, an international Catholic festival expected to attract more than a million young pilgrims.

Between 500 to 1,000 prisoners have escaped as a result of the attack, “most of them were convicted senior members of Al-Qaeda and had received death sentences," said Hakim Zamili, a senior member of the security and defense committee in parliament. Suicide bombers drove cars with explosives into the gates of the prison on the outskirts of Baghdad on Sunday night, while gunmen attacked guards with mortar fire as well as rocket propelled grenades.

The attacks on the two prisons came a year after Al-Qaeda’s Iraqi front group announced that it would be targeting the country’s justice system. “The first priority in this is releasing Muslim prisoners everywhere, and chasing and eliminating judges and investigators and their guards,” said an audio message attributed to the group’s leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in July 2012.

Sunni rebels, including Al-Qaeda-affiliated, have been gaining strength and regularly striking Shiite Muslims and security forces. The violence has increased fears of a return to conflict in the country.

Euroarea: 92.2%, up from 88.2% a year ago

Greece: 160.5%, up from 136.5% a year ago

Italy: 130.3%; up from 123.8% a year ago

Portugal: 127.2%, up from 112.3% a year ago

Ireland: 125.1%, up from 106.8% a year ago

Spain: 88.2%, up from 73.0% a year ago

Netherlands: 72.0%, up from 66.7% a year ago

Drugs companies publish only a fraction of their results and keep much of the information to themselves, but regulators want to ban the practice. If companies published all of their clinical trials data, independent scientists could reanalyse their results and check companies’ claims about the safety and efficacy of drugs.

Under proposals being thrashed out in Europe, drugs companies would be compelled to release all of their data, including results that show drugs do not work or cause dangerous side-effects. While some companies have agreed to share data more freely, the industry has broadly resisted the moves. The latest strategy shows how patient groups – many of which receive some or all of their funding from drugs companies – have been brought into the battle.

The email describes a four-pronged campaign that starts with “mobilising patient groups to express concern about the risk to public health by non-scientific re-use of data”. Translated, that means patient groups go into bat for the industry by raising fears that if full results from drug trials are published, the information might be misinterpreted and cause a health scare.

Two helicopters and around 3,000 soldiers, police and rescue personnel have been deployed, reports say. Thousands of buildings collapsed or were damaged in the magnitude 5.98 and 5.6 quakes. More than 9,000 houses collapsed, the Dingxi municipal government said on its verified microblog account.

Rescuers were digging through rubble to look for victims buried by landslides and mudslides triggered by the quake. By 18:00 (10:00 GMT) on Monday, the region had experienced 422 aftershocks, including one with a magnitude greater than five, Xinhua reported.

The palace said in a statement that the duchess and the baby were "doing well" and would stay in hospital overnight. The news has been displayed on an ornate easel in the forecourt of Buckingham Palace in line with tradition. A bulletin, signed by key medical staff, was taken by a royal aide from St Mary's to the palace under police escort.

It will now become illegal for Hezbollah sympathisers in Europe to send the group money, and enables the freezing of the group's assets there. Some member states had been wary of the measure, saying it could further destabilise the situation in Lebanon. The BBC's Chris Morris in Brussels says some states had also argued it would be difficult to distinguish fully between the group's military and political wings. The US, which has blacklisted Hezbollah for many years, welcomed the EU move.

An undisclosed number of F-15 and F-16 fighter jets from both sides are participating in the training event. It’s held at Uvda Base in the southern Negev Desert, and the United States European Command (EUCOM) is involved in the aerial war games which will focus on air-to- air combat maneuvers, mid-air refueling, bombing runs and other missions. The exercise comes after a two-day visit to Israel on July 14 by EUCOM’s Commander General Philip M Breedlove.

"The combined exercise is designed to improve the interoperability and cooperation between the Israeli and US air forces, and has been planned for more than a year," an Israeli military source told Xinhua. The US is Israel's biggest ally and international supporter. It supports Tel Aviv financially, militarily and diplomatically. Washington is providing billions of dollars of military aid to Tel Aviv annually. During Fiscal Year 2013, the US is providing Israel with at least $8.5 million per day in military aid.

The Arab push was a mainstay of recent annual meetings of the 159-nation International Atomic Energy Agency, where it was usually narrowly voted down by Israel's allies. It was suspended in 2011 and 2012, in what Arab nations viewed as a concession to keep hopes alive of high-profile talks on banning weapons of mass destruction from the Mideast.

That attempt, co-sponsored by the United States, Russia and Britain, was called off late last year. While Syria's civil war, nuclear tensions with Iran and other Middle East frictions were cited as the official motive for the cancellation, diplomats then acknowledged that the real reason was the failure to bridge Arab-Israeli differences.

Israel has long said that a full Palestinian-Israeli peace plan must precede any creation of a Middle East zone free of weapons of mass destruction. The Israelis refuse to confirm or deny whether they have nuclear weapons. They also describe Iran and its alleged work on nuclear weapons as the real regional menace.

The story of how this works begins in 27 industrial warehouses in the Detroit area where Goldman stores customers' aluminum. Each day, a fleet of trucks shuffles 1,500-pound bars of the metal among the warehouses. Two or three times a day, sometimes more, the drivers make the same circuits. They load in one warehouse. They unload in another. And then they do it again.

This industrial dance has been choreographed by Goldman to exploit pricing regulations set up by an overseas commodities exchange, an investigation by The New York Times has found. The back–and-forth lengthens the storage time. And that adds many millions a year to the coffers of Goldman, which owns the warehouses and charges rent to store the metal. It also increases prices paid by manufacturers and consumers across the country.

Only a tenth of a cent or so of an aluminum can's purchase price can be traced back to the strategy. But multiply that amount by the 90 billion aluminum cans consumed in the United States each year — and add the tons of aluminum used in things like cars, electronics and house siding — and the efforts by Goldman and other financial players has cost American consumers more than $5 billion over the last three years, say former industry executives, analysts and consultants.

Professor Tim Benton, head of Global Food Security working group, added there could be shortages in the UK in the future as the emerging middle class in south-east Asia sparks a revolution in "food flows" such as the trade in grain and soya around the world. Professor Benton, from the University of Leeds, told the Daily Telegraph: "Food is going to be competed for on a global scale. There's been a lot written about where food prices are going to go but they are certainly going to double, with some trebling. It's not just fruit and vegetables, but everything."

The shock forecast came as the chief executive of Tesco, Philip Clarke, warned the era of cheap food was over because of the forecast surge in demand. In an interview over the weekend, the supermarket chief said: "Over the long run I think food prices and the proportion of income spent on food may well be going up."

Food inflation in the UK has been running around 4 per cent for much of the year, and is among the highest in the EU after poor harvests last year and the rising cost of feed. Fruit prices in June were 7.5 per cent more expensive than a year ago. The UK already imports nearly half the food it consumes. Separately, Birds Eye warned this year's pea harvest could be hit by the heatwave, raising fears of higher prices for one of Britain's favourite vegetables.

The campaign to bring more transparency and accountability to the bank started under Benedict XVI, but has dramatically picked up momentum under Pope Francis since his election in March. The forensic review is being orchestrated by Ernst von Freyberg, a German banker, lawyer and member of the Knights of Malta chivalric order, who was appointed president of the bank earlier this year.

He has brought in forensic accounting experts from Promontory Financial Group, a risk management and regulatory compliance consulting firm which works in 50 countries. A dedicated group of around 15 experts from the company have moved into the bank's headquarters, a medieval tower within the tiny sovereign state. They are conducting detailed background checks on its 19,000 account holders, from priests, nuns and employees of the Vatican City State, to religious orders, Catholic charities and dioceses.

They are analysing around 1,500 accounts a month and since starting work in May have sifted through around a fifth of the bank's clients.They scrutinise the client's identity, check whether there are any other signatories on the account, and hunt for any suspicious financial activities.

"We have made enormous progress over the last 12 weeks in opening up to the world," Mr Von Freyberg told The Daily Telegraph from his office inside the bank. "Our work is to make the bank transparent. The second important element is to clean up our accounts. Promontory is conducting a full forensic review. We need to become compliant with international financial laws, including on money laundering. The Pope strongly endorses a Vatican bank that serves the Church and no one else."