Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, who defeated Kollek as Jerusalem's mayor in 1993, issued a statement saying that Israel mourned the loss of "one of the giants of its founding fathers."

Olmert, who characterized Kollek as "the builder of the new Jerusalem after the Six Day War," noted that when Kollek was elected Jerusalem's mayor in 1965, it "was a divided city that did not enjoy the credit it was worthy of. When he finished his term in 1993, Jerusalem was a large, modern city, united and blessed with many residents. Teddy Kollek spread Jerusalem's fame around the world."

Olmert said that Kollek had a deciding influence on Jerusalem's way of life, culture, and inter-relationship between its residents. He fashioned its vistas, Olmert said, and built its institutions.

"Kollek's name will forever be a part of the glory of Jerusalem," he said.

Olmert said that Kollek did not only work on behalf of Jerusalem, and cited his days as David Ben-Gurion's long-time adviser during which he "had a decisive contribution to the diplomatic and military efforts that brought about Israel's independence in 1948."
Defense Minister Amir Peretz issued the following statement: "Teddy was a symbol of this nation's building and the cohesion of the Jerusalem. He set a personal example to all public figures."

Nazareth, considered one of the holiest cities for Christians, is described in the New Testament as the childhood home of Jesus. It contains multiple important shrines and churches, including the famous Church of the Basilica of the Annunciation, the site at which many Christians believe the Virgin Mary was visited by the Archangel Gabriel and told that she had been selected as the mother of Jesus.

The Islamic Movement, the main Muslim political party in Nazareth, said it organized yesterday's march to celebrate Eid ul-Adha, or the Feast of the Sacrifice, which commemorates the Muslim belief Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Ishmael for Allah.

Christian and Jewish faith dictates it was Isaac, not Ishmael, whom Abraham almost sacrificed.

Spain's Islamic Board wrote to Pope Benedict XVI on Tuesday, calling on him to grant them permission to worship in the cathedral, parts of which were built as a mosque during Spain's period of Islamic rule.

The group said in their letter: "What we wanted was not to take over that holy place, but to create in it, together with you and other faiths, an ecumenical space unique in the world which would have been of great significance in bringing peace to humanity."

The Roman Catholic cathedral had originally been a mosque but was converted into a cathedral in the 13th century. The mosque itself was built on the site of the earlier cathedral of St Vincent which was demolished by Cordoba's Muslim rulers following the Islamic invasion and occupation of parts of southern Spain in the eight century.

In December, Spain's Catholic Bishops Conference released a statement, quoted by newspaper ABC, saying it "did not recommend" Muslims prayed at the Cathedral and was not prepared to negotiate the building's shared use with other faiths.

Spain's last Muslim territory fell with the conquest of Granada in 1492 after almost eight centuries of Muslim rule.
Today, more than a million of Spain's 44 million people are Muslims, many of them recently arrived immigrants from North Africa.

In late January, masked Palestinian gunmen took over a European Union office in Gaza City to protest publication of a dozen cartoons about Islam, Mohammed and self-censorship in the Danish newspaper the Jyllands-Posten.
They stormed the building, burned Danish flags and spearheaded an international boycott of Denmark's products.
The rage was manufactured pretext. The cartoons had been published four months earlier with little fanfare.
It wasn't until a delegation of instigating Danish imams toured Egypt with the cartoons - plus a few inflammatory fake ones - that the fire started burning.
The mainstream media fell for the ruse and were slow to acknowledge it after American bloggers and Danish television exposed the scheme.
What was really behind Cartoon Rage? Muslim bullies were attempting to pressure Denmark over the International Atomic Energy Agency's decision to report Iran to the U.N. Security Council for continuing its nuclear research program.
The chairmanship of the council was passing to Denmark at the time.
Western journalists, analysts and apologists were too clouded by their cowardice and conciliation to see through the smoke.
More than 800 were injured in the ensuing riots and 130 people paid with their lives.
The innocents included Italian Catholic priest Andrea Santoro, who was shot to death in Turkey on Feb. 5 by a teenage boy enraged by the illustrations.
The Muslim gunman shouted, "Allahu Akbar!" as he murdered Santoro while the priest knelt praying in his church.
Several brave moderate Muslim editors who stood up to the madness were jailed, fined and convicted of crimes related to insulting Islam. The Danish cartoonists remain in hiding.
The world soon tired of Cartoon Rage, but the Muslim ragers were just warming up.
They found excuses large and small to riot and threaten Western infidels.
In India, they protested the magazine publication of a picture of a playing card showing an image of Mecca and also burned Valentine's Day cards. An insult to Islam, they screamed.
In Spain, they protested a Madrid store for selling a postcard with a mosque on it with the words "We slept here." An insult to Islam, they protested.
In Pakistan, they burned down a Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurant and Pizza Hut, and toppled Ronald McDonald. In Jakarta, they smashed the offices of Playboy magazine. You know why.
In June, a trial against journalist Oriana Fallaci for insulting Islam commenced in Bergamo, Italy. She had been charged by Muslim rager Adel Smith of the Muslim Union of Italy of "vilipendio" - vilifying Islam - in her post-9/11 books slamming jihad.
A judge had refused to throw out the case. She faced a pile of death threats and accusations of "Islamophobia" for speaking truth to Islamo-power.
Fallaci's death from cancer during the fifth anniversary week of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks pre-empted the trial in Italy, but her passing did nothing to pre-empt the eternal rage of the perpetually outraged.
The day she died, the grievance-mongers were shaking their fists and calling for the head of Pope Benedict XVI for his speech that made reference to a 14th century conversation touching on holy war and jihad.
For engaging in open, honest intellectual and spiritual debate, he was condemned, lit afire in effigy and targeted anew.
The ragers bombed Christian churches in Gaza City and Nablus. They murdered Italian Sister Leonella Sgorbati, an elderly Catholic nun shot in the back by a Somalian jihadist stoked by Pope Rage.
"Whoever offends our Prophet Mohammed should be killed on the spot by the nearest Muslim," a Somalian cleric had declared. The Vatican made nice with Muslim leaders.
In September, it was a Berlin production of Mozart's "Idomeneo" that featured the decapitated head of Mohammed.
Then, it was former British foreign secretary Jack Straw, who had the audacity to make the obvious observation that full Muslim veils impede communications between women and Westerners. Offensive.Disturbing. An insult to Islam.
Not to be outdone, a delegation of extortionist imams boarded a U.S. Airways flight in Minneapolis in November and tried to manufacture an international human-rights incident. They clamored for a boycott and threatened to sue.
The good news: The fire didn't catch this time. The bad news: As Fallaci warned before her death:
"The hate for the West swells like a fire fed by the wind. The clash between us and them is not a military one. It is a cultural one, a religious one and the worst is still to come."

In separate comments to the station's English program, Lombardi said that capital punishment cannot be justified "even when the person put to death is one guilty of great crimes," and he reiterated the Catholic Church's overall opposition to the death penalty. Executing Saddam "is not a way to reconstruct justice" in Iraqi society, the spokesman said. "It might fuel the spirit of revenge and sew seeds of new violence."

Lombardi expressed the hope that leaders "do everything possible" so that "from this dramatic situation ways might open to reconciliation and peace."
The Vatican's top official for dialogue between religions, Cardinal Paul Poupard, said: "We pray to the Lord and for the dead and the living so that this will not become an occasion for new violence."

"We are always sad when men take lives which belong to the Lord," Poupard told the Italian news agency ANSA. In an interview published in an Italian daily earlier in the week, the Vatican's top prelate for justice issues, Cardinal Renato Martino, said executing Saddam would mean punishing "a crime with another crime."

People who thought he was a monster who had brought disaster to his country had their beliefs confirmed. And so did those who looked back on his reign with nostalgia, as a time when Iraq was stable, and the streets were safe as long as you supported his regime. Iraq today is in the grip of a series of terrible wars. Most people have other things to worry about than the fate of their old dictator.

The Iraqi people, who suffered grievously under Saddam Hussein, continue to suffer. The one point of agreement in Washington about their position in Iraq is that it is bad. Even President George W Bush now says "We're not winning, we're not losing" in Iraq.

In the New Year, he has promised to make some decisions about what the US does next in Iraq. It looks as if he may not take the advice that was in the recent report by the foreign policy grandees led by the former Secretary of State James Baker and the former Democratic Congressman Lee Hamilton.
Their opening line was succinct, and more accurate than the president's description: "The situation in Iraq is grave and deteriorating."

The Baker-Hamilton report, at first, seemed to offer the Americans a way out. It recommended switching US forces from combat to training Iraqis - and asked for a diplomatic initiative that would engage all the countries of the region. But the report was also a polite, but firm denunciation of the ideologically driven foreign policy of the Bush administration.

By the week before Christmas, it looked as if swallowing it would be too much for the White House. There was even talk of sending more troops to Iraq.
What also emerged much more clearly towards the end of 2006 was the capacity of the killing in Iraq to pull in its neighbours.

The Saudis have been gravely concerned about the impact of the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq since before it happened, and that feeling has deepened. A number of recent reports have suggested that Saudi Arabia would intervene in Iraq to protect its Sunni minority, with whom there are strong tribal and religious ties, if the US decided to get out. That may be one factor pushing the Americans to stay the course.

The Saudis are acutely conscious of the way that Iran has been, so far, the big winner in the invasion and occupation of Iraq. The US obligingly removed Saddam Hussein, Iran's biggest enemy in the region, and broke the Sunni ascendancy in Iraq. Thanks to the US, Shia Iran has Shia Muslim allies in top jobs in the Iraqi government and military.

Iraq is now a major exporter of instability.

The US-led invasion threw a big rock into the pool of the Middle East. It has kicked up waves, not ripples, which will wash around the region long after Saddam Hussein is dead and buried.

Two groups of Iraqis, the Kurds and the Shias, make up a majority of the population and since the US-led invasion of 2003, they have taken control of the government. Before then, they were the oppressed as Saddam Hussein ruled with absolute ruthlessness through his Sunni-dominated military and intelligence services.

The plight of the Kurds became well known around the world in 1988 when the Kurdish town of Halabja in eastern Iraq was gassed. The atrocity was but part of a wider campaign against the Kurds, which had its own name - the "Anfal". Saddam Hussein did not trust them. He accused them of wanting a separate state and of helping the Iranians with whom he was at war.

Reporters who penetrated the Kurdish region of northern Iraq after the defeat of Saddam Hussein in Kuwait in the first Gulf War of 1991 found a wasteland. Village after village had been destroyed. Piles of rubble told where houses had been. In the midst of the destruction there lay a splendid palace built by Saddam Hussein for himself.

In the south, the Shias, encouraged by a call to arms by the then US President George Bush senior, rose up. But there was no help from outside and Iraqi helicopter gunships established the control by violence that was the hallmark of Saddam Hussein's rule. It is no wonder therefore that the Kurds and the Shias will not shed tears for him.

Some, many even, among the Sunni population will. Saddam had his power base among them and they powerfully support the insurgency. To them he was an Iraqi hero who had overthrown the old ways and had given them pride.

Others, especially the middle classes of all backgrounds - might look back to the days when they could walk the streets and drive around the country with no fear of being blown up.
Saddam Hussein never ruled over a land at peace and at ease with its neighbours and the world.

His execution marks the end of a chapter. But it does not mark the end of the chaos that Iraq faces. His fate has become almost a sideshow in the great struggle now unfolding in Iraq. His dying wish, expressed in a letter written in jail, called for Iraqis to unite. They are unlikely to listen.

The Bush administration, struggling to set a new course in Iraq, will try to make capital out of Saddam Hussein's removal. But it was thought when he was captured in December 2003 ("We got him," declared the American administrator Paul Bremer) that it would demoralise the insurgency. It did not.

And nor will his death. The future of Iraq and its place in the Middle East remains to be determined by players other than Saddam Hussein.

Two co-defendants, Saddam Hussein's half-brother and a former chief judge, are to be executed at a later date. All three were sentenced to death by an Iraqi court on 5 November after a year-long trial over the 1982 killings of 148 Shias in the town of Dujail.

Video footage of the execution is expected to be released as final proof of Saddam Hussein's demise although it is expected to stop short of showing the actual death. There were jubilant scenes in the Baghdad Shia stronghold of Sadr City, with people dancing in the streets and sounding their car horns.

The BBC's Peter Greste in Baghdad says Shias have generally welcomed Saddam Hussein's death and hailed the execution as justice for the suffering endured under his leadership. But Saddam's own Sunni tribesman were angered by his treatment and may well protest once more, our correspondent adds.

UK Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett welcomed the fact that Saddam Hussein had been tried by an Iraqi court "for at least some of the appalling crimes he committed" and said "he has now been held to account".

France called on Iraqis to "look towards the future and work towards reconciliation and national unity".

North Korea's nuclear program and a strengthening US-Japan alliance are also evolving factors that make Asia-Pacific security more volatile, forcing China to boost its armed forces, the 2006 Defense White Paper argued. "To build a powerful and fortified national defense is a strategic task of China's modernization drive," said the white paper, the fifth ever issued by Beijing.

It said that China's defense expenditures had grown by more than 15 percent every year since 1990, although that figure falls to 9.6 percent once inflation is taken into account. China's defense white papers are scrutinized carefully by overseas observers for clues about future policies and the fate of the 2.3-million-strong People's Liberation Army (PLA), the world's largest military.

Addressing its own nuclear capability, China said it was based on "a self-defensive nuclear strategy." "Its fundamental goal is to deter other countries from using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against China," it said.China remains firmly committed to the policy of no first use of nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances, it said.

"It unconditionally undertakes not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or nuclear-weapon-free zones, and stands for the comprehensive prohibition and complete elimination of nuclear weapons." Looking to the future, the white paper pointed to the need to boost China's capacity to win high-tech wars and those fought at sea.

By the middle of the century, China aims to be capable of winning "information wars", a form of conflict in which high-tech operations such as attacks on the adversary's computer systems play a crucial role. "The PLA is carrying out a strategic project for training a large contingent of new-type and high-caliber military personnel suited to the task of informatization of the armed forces," it said.

The Vatican did not release details of the content of Ahmadinejad's letter, but Iran's state-run IRNA news agency said the note focused on Saturday's Security Council vote approving sanctions against Iran in the standoff over its nuclear program.The Vatican said Benedict stressed his apolitical role in his brief meeting with Mottaki.

The Pope "reaffirmed the role that the Holy See intends to carry out for world peace, not as a political authority but as a religious and moral one ... so that peoples' problems will always be solved in dialogue, mutual understanding and peace," the Vatican said in a statement.

Earlier this month, the Vatican indirectly criticized a conference of Holocaust deniers held in Iran, saying the Holocaust "was a great tragedy before which we cannot remain indifferent" and which must serve as a warning to people's consciences.

Also this month, Benedict met with Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, who urged Christians to protest Holocaust denials. Ahmadinejad has called for the destruction of Israel and questioned whether the Nazi genocide of 6 million Jews took place.

On Saturday, the U.N. Security Council voted to impose limited sanctions on Iran for its refusal to cease enrichment of uranium - a process that produces the material for either peaceful nuclear power or warheads.
The United States and its allies accuse Iran of using its civilian nuclear program as a cover for developing a nuclear bomb. Iran denies this, saying its program is strictly for generating electricity from nuclear fuel.

Ahmadinejad told a gathering in Tehran on Sunday that Iran is a "nuclear country," whether the world liked it or not.

The letter, published today, said: "During the Congregation of Procurators of 2003 and during the recent meeting of Major Superiors of the Society of Jesus, it became increasingly clear that the Society has reached a situation foreseen by Saint Ignatius in the Constitutions (680): in which there are 'very difficult things touching upon the whole body of the Society,' 'for more service to God our Lord.' It is a situation that requires a General Congregation."

Thus, the general congregation is convoked with the dual objective of electing a new superior general and addressing other important matters for the Society of Jesus. According to the Jesuit Constitutions, the office of superior general is for life. A new superior general is elected only in the case of death, grave illness or if, in conscience, the general thinks he must resign.

The first case of resignation was that of Father Pedro Arrupe, who on Sept. 3, 1983, unable to exercise his office due to grave illness, presented his resignation to the general congregation and the latter accepted it.

His successor was Father Kolvenbach, elected Sept. 13, 1983. He will turn 80 in 2008. One of Kolvenbach's greatest achievements as General has been restoring the lines of communication between Borgo Santo Spirito (the General Curia of the Jesuits) and the (Papal) apartment." As of Jan. 1, 2005, the Jesuits numbered 19,850, including 13,966 priests.

In the letter, Father Kolvenbach explains that he made his decision "after having obtained the consent of His Holiness Benedict XVI" and after hearing the opinions of the Society's representatives.

The root sex problem is that soy is loaded with isoflavones, plant estrogens that operate like human female estrogen, which occurs naturally in our bodies, male and female. These "phytoestrogens" cause serious developmental problems. They're only 1/1,000th to 1/1,200th the potency of human estrogen, ounce for ounce, but it's common for babies to consume them in such large quantities that they overwhelm their bodies' delicate testosterone-estrogen balance, leaving their victim male or female with a wild variety of lifelong symptoms, sometimes even disfigurement .

Toxicologists estimate that an infant fed exclusively on soy formula is getting the equivalent of three to five birth control pills per day . One study found that soy-fed babies had 13,000 to 22,000 times more estrogen in their blood than milk-fed babies .

These are not just curious, isolated data. One percent of U.S. girls are now growing breasts or pubic hair before age three. By age eight, either of these two abnormalities is appearing among 14.7 percent of white girls and a staggering 48.3 percent of black girls . Why so many black girls? Probably because they are more likely to be given soy infant formula. They are being robbed of their girlhood. Soy formula-fed girls are also more likely to have lifelong menstrual problems (primarily longer and more painful periods), hormonal changes associated with infertility, and other health problems. If this isn't a national medical emergency, I don't know what is. Here's what government health experts in Israel and France have decided:

The Israeli Health Ministry has looked long and hard at the evidence and concluded that its citizens won't "be fruitful and multiply" if they eat too much soy. It has warned that babies should not receive any soy formula, that children to age 18 should not eat soy more than once a day (to a maximum of 3 times a week), and that adults should beware because of breast cancer and adverse effects on fertility .

The French, meanwhile, intend to maintain their reputation as ardent lovers. Food manufacturers in France will soon have to remove those dangerous plant estrogens from soy formula and to put warning labels on soyfoods and soy milk. French Food Agency experts see the biggest risks as being to children under three and women who have been diagnosed with or have breast cancer in their families . The British Dietetic Association also warns parents to avoid soy formula .

Lots of Americans accept everything our FDA and NIH say as gospel. Those poor souls are now in danger because their trusted government watchdogs have yet to bark any warnings about soy. However, Daniel Sheehan, PhD, one of the FDA's top toxicologists, has warned that that infants fed soy-based formulas have been placed at risk in a "large, uncontrolled and basically unmonitored human infant experiment."

Do you really want to put your child into that experiment?

Geologists from the University of Utah say two domes inside the Yellowstone caldera have steadily inflated at two to three times the rate as some of the most rapid movements recorded between 1923 and 1984. "We've gone to this really pronounced, and I would say unprecedented, uplift of the caldera," said Bob Smith, a Utah geologist and one of the leading researchers into Yellowstone's busy volcanic life.

Smith presented some of the new findings Wednesday to the American Geophysical Union meeting in San Francisco. Yellowstone's geology was a hot topic at the AGU meeting. More than 60 presentations touched on the park, whether it was looking at the diet of ancient wolves or activities of helium isotopes.

In recent years, much attention has been focused on so-called "huffing and puffing" of the Yellowstone caldera, the huge collapsed volcano that stretches across the park's middle.

The possibility of a large volcanic eruption has been a popular media topic, but Smith said the scenario seems overhyped. A more likely possibility would be a large earthquake, he said, noting that the most powerful quake in the interior Western United States happened at Hebgen Lake on Aug. 17, 1959. "It's a much higher risk," he said.

The Pope spoke of the "many grave crises and conflicts" in the Middle East and voiced "hope that the way will be opened to a just and lasting peace".He also deplored the conflicts in Darfur and other parts of Africa. He lamented the many deaths from hunger and disease around the world in "an age of unbridled consumerism".
The Pope noted man's scientific advances in the modern age, but added that in the 21st Century "perhaps he needs a saviour all the more" because so much of humanity was still suffering.

His "Urbi et Orbi" speech was delivered from the balcony of Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. It is his second Christmas as pontiff. The Pope contrasted scientific breakthroughs such as the internet and decoding of the human genome with what he called the "heart-rending cry" for help from those dying of hunger, thirst, disease and poverty. Some people remain enslaved, others are victims of religious or racial hatred, he noted.

The threats to the individual's personal and moral integrity had become more insidious in the modern age, the Pope said. His earlier Midnight Mass sermon focused on the plight of suffering children. He singled out those forced to fight as child soldiers, to beg and those "who suffer deprivation and hunger" and "children who are unloved".

Middle East focus

The Middle East turmoil was a central theme of the Pope's Christmas message. "I place in the hands of the divine Child of Bethlehem the indications of a resumption of dialogue between the Israelis and the Palestinians, which we have witnessed in recent days, and the hope of further encouraging developments," he said.

He also issued an "appeal to all those who hold in their hands the fate of Iraq, that there will be an end to the brutal violence that has brought so much bloodshed to the country". His message was broadcast live on television to more than 40 countries.

He said he would like to visit the Holy Land as soon as circumstances permit.

Storms caused havoc in suburban Melbourne, while residents in a NSW town were celebrating record drought-breaking rain. Snow fell in Victoria and Tasmania, which are still battling fires that have blackened thousands of hectares this month, and in alpine areas of NSW. In Tasmania, the weather bureau reported five centimetres of snow had fallen at the summit of Mount Wellington in Hobart.

Meanwhile, residents in the drought-stricken NSW town of Goulburn also have celebrated Christmas rain, with a record 27.8mm falling on the southern highlands town yesterday morning. It was a much-needed present for the town's residents, as Goulburn's main Pejar dam was only 1.5-per-cent full on December 17. The town's two smaller dams, which together are two-thirds the size of Pejar, were less than half-full. Goulburn's total usable water supply stood at 9.5 per cent of capacity at the end of last week.

More rain fell yesterday than in the past three months combined.